Seal of Empress Matilda, as Queen of the Romans, from a Charter of the Empress...

Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude was the claimant to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband into Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St. Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry had no children, and when Henry died in 1125, the crown was claimed by Lothair II, one of his political enemies.