Switzerland Paul Grueninger, 1971 (b/w photo)

On January 21, 1971, 31 years after his release from police service, Paul Grueninger, second from the right, will receive a letter from the cantonal government of St. Gallen expressing “recognition for his humane attitude towards refugees threatened with death”. Because the police chief Grueninger illegally helped Jews from Nazi Germany and Austria who were threatened with death to flee across the border to neutral Switzerland, he was suspended from the police service in 1939 and sentenced the following year for violation of official duties and forgery of documents.