Germany: Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman, Joseph Stalin (left to right) at the Potsdam Conference...

The Potsdam Conference was held in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945. Participants were the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States. The three powers were represented by Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, and, later, Clement Attlee, as well as President Harry S. Truman. Stalin, Churchill, and Truman - as well as Attlee, who participated alongside Churchill while awaiting the outcome of the 1945 general election, and then replaced Churchill as Prime Minister after the Labour Party's defeat of the Conservatives - gathered to decide how to administer punishment to the defeated Nazi Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier, on 8 May (VE Day). The goals of the conference also included the establishment of post-war order, peace treaty issues, and countering the effects of the war.